VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION DURING FULL-SCALE ARMED AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE

Vasyl BEREZNIAK, Alla DEMICHEVA, Ricardo Daniel FURFARO

BEREZNIAK V., DEMICHEVA A., FURFARO R. D. (2023), VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION DURING FULL-SCALE ARMED AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE. PHILOSOPHY, ECONOMICS AND LAW REVIEW. Volume 3, no. 1, 218-229

DOI: 10.31733/2786-491X-2023-1-218-229

 

Abstract. The full-scale military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine has resulted in massive human rights violations, war crimes and crimes against humanity. In the conditions Ukrainian law enforcement agencies, human rights organizations document war crimes committed by russian soldiers, and the Ukrainian authorities sue the russian federation and its leadership in international courts. In the national legislation, the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides for criminal liability for committing certain types of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

For the empirical substantiation of violations of IHL norms by russia in relation to Ukraine, the method of cabinet research was used, which consisted in the collection, study, systematization and analysis of secondary sources of information on the violation of human rights by Russia. The study was conducted from the moment of the beginning of the full-scale armed aggression until December, 2022, the object was the statements of the Ukrainian authorities and their individual representatives regarding russia’s violations of the rules and laws of warfare; conversations between the russian occupiers intercepted by the Security Service of Ukraine; Report of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; weekly reports of the International Organization for Migration; platforms “Children of War”, Warcrimes.gov.ua, russiancrime, reports of human rights organizations, materials of Ukrinform periodicals etс.

Keywords: international humanitarian law, war crimes, crimes against humanity, full scale military aggression, international armed conflict, human rights, human rights violations.

References

  1. “We had no choice”: “Filtration” and the Crime of Forced Displacement of the Ukrainian Population to russia. Summary and recommendations in Ukrainian. URL : https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media2022/08/ukraine0922summaryrecs_ukr.pdf. P. 2.
  2. Berezniak, V. (2022). On the peculiarities of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court: analysis of certain provisions of the Rome Statute. Scientific Bulletin of Dnipropetrovs’k State University of Internal Affairs, vol. 1, pp. 155-160.
  3. Children of war. (2022). URL : https://childrenofwar.gov.ua/.
  4. Civilian casualties in Ukraine between February 24, 2022 and February 15, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/press/hrmmu-civilian-casualties 24feb2022-15feb2023-ru.pdf.
  5. Destroyed cultural heritage of Ukraine. URL : https://culturecrimes.mkip.gov. ua/.
  6. Dmytro Lubynets. Telegram channel. URL: https://t.me/dmytro_lubinetzs/975.
  7. Elements of Crimes. Published by the International Criminal Court. URL : https://www. icc -cpi. Int/sites/ default/files/ElementsOfCrimesEng.pdf.
  8. EU supports Ukraine. URL : https://invite.viber.com/?g2=AQAkxJ9koOvSuE8 CXIRBLTwiKrb OIR FfGxxmv37yYG% 2Fz9HN 9rKhKCVhsxDuyVBZ.
  9. Healthcare system is working steadily – Viktor Liashko. 24.02.2022. URL : https://moz.gov.ua/article/news/sistema-ohoroni-zdorov%E2%80%99ja-pracjue stabilno%E2%80%93-viktor-ljashko.
  10. Information furnished by the European Union under Article 34, paragraph 2, of the Statute of the Court and Article 69, paragraph 2, of the Rules of Court. URL : https://www.icj cij.org/public/files/case-related/182/182-20220818-PRE-01-00-EN. pdf.
  11. Inter-State case Ukraine v. russia (X): receipt of completed application form and notification to respondent State. Press Release. ECHR 220 (2022) 28.06.2022. URL : https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng-press#{%22fulltext%22:[%22v.%20Russian%22],%22 sort%22:[%22kpdate%20Descending%22]}.
  12. IOM flash appeal for Ukraine and neighboring countries March – August, 2022. URL : https://crisisresponse.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1481/files/uploaded_files/IOM%20Flash% 20Appeal%20for%20Ukraine%20and%20Neighboring% 20_ pdf.
  13. Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. Order of 23.03.2017 No. 164 “On Approval of the Instruction on the Procedure for Implementation of International Humanitarian Law in the Armed Forces of Ukraine” as amended. Official website of Ukrainian legislation. URL : https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0704-17#Text.
  14. Multiple third-party intervention requests in inter-State proceedings Ukraine v. russia (X). Press Release. ECHR 292 (2022) 23.09.2022. URL: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng press#{%22fulltext%22:[%22v.%20Russian%22],%22sort%22:[%22kpdate%20 Descending%22]}.
  15. No mercy for civilians. Troubling accounts from the MSF medical train in Ukraine. URL : https://www.msf.org/no-mercy-civilians-ukraine-war.
  16. putin personally gave permission to the occupiers to loot in Ukraine (audio). Security Service of Ukraine. URL: https://ssu.gov.ua/novyny/dozvil-na-maroderstvo-v-ukraini-okupantam dav-osobysto -putin-audio.
  17. Questions and Answers: Order of the International Court of Justice on provisional measures in the case of Ukraine v. russian federation. Just Security. URL: https://www.justsecurity.org/80814/qa-icj-order-on-provisional-measures-ukraine russia-ua/.
  18. Regional Ukraine crisis response situation report September 28, 2022. The International Organization for Migration (IOM). URL : https://www.iom.int/ sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/situation_reports/file/iom-regional-ukraine-response external-sitrep-28 092022. pdf.
  19. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Official translation. URL : https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_588#Text.
  20. Russians continue to grossly violate international rules for the treatment of prisoners of war (audio). Security Service of Ukraine. URL : https://ssu.gov.ua/novyny/rosiiany prodovzhuiut-hrubo-porushuvaty-mizhnarodni-pravyla-povodzhennia-z-viiskovo polonenymy-audio.
  21. Situation of human rights in Ukraine in the context of the armed attack by the russian federation February 24 – May 15, 2022. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). URL : https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/ua/ 2022-06-29/2022-06-UkraineArmed Attack-EN. pdf.
  22. Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine on russia’s false and insulting accusations of genocide as a pretext for its unlawful military aggression. URL : https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/zayava-mzs-ukrayini-shchodo-nepravdivih-ta obrazlivih-zvinuvachen-rosiyi-v-genocidi-yak-privodu-dlya-yiyi-protipravnoyi vijskovoyi-agresiyi.
  23. The Commissioner presented a report on the russian policy of linguistic violence in the occupied territories of Ukraine. URL : https://mova-ombudsman.gov.ua/news/na-mizhnarodnii konferentsii-ievropeiskoi-federatsii-movnykh-instytutsii-mova-ta-mihratsiia upovnovazhenyi-predstavyv-dopovid?fbclid=IwAR12Y7azIIdKzMYtq1jYjJoG6 UEdJDCaXK3uEExmeX2KE7V34ldrWANmd.
  24. The Ministry of Internal Affairs announced the statistics of killed and wounded civilians during the war. URL : https://www.pravda.com.ua/ news/2022/09/2/7365887/.
  25. The total amount of direct damage to infrastructure increased to $114.5 billion. Kyiv School of Economics. September, 2022. URL : https://kse.ua/ua/about-the-school/news/zagalna suma-pryamih-zbitkiv-infrastrukturi-zrosla-do-114-5-mlrd/?Fbclid=IwAR0ODopADhqRwTPCd7t_9dK9cdFGGpe2oomqqCtMk _vPWElt23Byvz.
  26. Ukraine: civilian casualty update September 19, 2022. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). URL : https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2022/09/ukraine civilian-casualty-update-19-september-2022.
  27. Ukraine: Torture and disappearances in the occupied south. War crimes of russian troops in Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions. URL : https://www.hrw.org/uk/news/2022/ 08/03/ukraine-torture-disappearances-occupied south.
  28. What Hundreds of Photos of Weapons Reveal About russia’s Brutal War Strategy. The New York Times. June 19, 2022. URL : https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/06/19/ world/europe/ ukraine -munitions-war-crimes.html.